甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料工艺研究进展

黄泽皑; 周芸霄; 张魁魁; 刘梦颖; 杨茗凯; 詹俊杰; 刘彤; 周莹

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240064

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甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料工艺研究进展

甲烷制氢

- 甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料工艺研究进展
- Research progress on methane pyrolysis process for hydrogen and carbon materials
- 低碳化学与化工 2024, 49(9): 1-11.
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 西南石油大学新能源与材料学院，四川成都 610500
  2. 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川成都 610500
- 作者简介：
  
  黄泽皑（1989—），博士，副教授，研究方向为天然气高值利用，E-mail：zeai.huang@swpu.edu.cn。
  周莹（1981—），博士，教授，研究方向为新能源与油气资源协同利用，E-mail：yzhou@swpu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22209136);四川省重点研发项目(23ZDYF0179;22ZDYF3690);四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0108)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240064
  中图分类号： TE06
- 纸质出版日期：2024-09-25，
  
  收稿日期：2024-02-23，
  
  修回日期：2024-03-28，
- 稿件说明：
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黄泽皑,周芸霄,张魁魁等.甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料工艺研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2024,49(09):1-11.

HUANG Zeai,ZHOU Yunxiao,ZHANG Kuikui,et al.Research progress on methane pyrolysis process for hydrogen and carbon materials[J].Low-carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2024,49(09):1-11.
黄泽皑,周芸霄,张魁魁等.甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料工艺研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2024,49(09):1-11. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240064.

HUANG Zeai,ZHOU Yunxiao,ZHANG Kuikui,et al.Research progress on methane pyrolysis process for hydrogen and carbon materials[J].Low-carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2024,49(09):1-11. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240064.

摘要

双碳背景下，化石能源的清洁高效利用已成为能源结构转型中的重要发展方向。甲烷作为最清洁的化石能源之一，对其进行清洁高效利用被视为能源转型中具备良好发展前景的关键技术之一，受到了广泛关注。甲烷裂解制氢工艺具有在制备高纯度H

和碳材料的同时不直接产生CO

的优点。总结了流化床中催化甲烷裂解、等离子体甲烷裂解和熔融介质法甲烷裂解这3类典型的甲烷裂解制氢工艺，并围绕工艺的原理、优缺点以及研究进展等方面展开了介绍。以上3类工艺中，流化床中催化甲烷裂解制氢所需能量最少，但催化剂易积碳导致反应不可持续进行，且碳材料与催化剂的分离难度大，影响下游使用。等离子体甲烷裂解制氢的转化率高，但需要大量的能量输入。熔融介质法甲烷裂解制氢的能耗较低，碳材料漂浮在熔融介质表面，不影响反应的持续进行，且易于分离和收集，但高温熔融介质对反应器材质的要求较高，纯化碳材料的成本也会影响该工艺工业化的经济性。结合可再生能源是未来实现清洁高效的甲烷裂解制氢的发展趋势，通过利用太阳能、风能等可再生能源来提供裂解过程中所需的能量，可减少对传统能源的依

赖。从目前的研究和发展趋势来看，结合可再生能源的熔融介质法甲烷裂解制氢工艺有望成为甲烷裂解制氢和碳材料的关键工艺。

Abstract

Under the goals to reach carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

the clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuels has become a crucial aspect of the energy transition. Methane as one of the cleanest fossil energies

has been widely regarded as a key technology with good development prospects in energy transition for high-value and clean utilization. Methane pyrolysis for hydrogen process has the advantages of producing high-purity H

and carbon materials without directly generating CO

. Three typical methane pyrolysis for hydrogen processes: catalytic methane pyrolysis in fluidized beds

plasma methane pyrolysis

and molten medium methane pyrolysis were summarized and their principles

advantages

disadvantages and research progress were introduced. Among these processes

catalytic methane pyrolysis in fluidized beds requires the least energy but the catalysts are prone to carbon deposition

leading to unsustainable reactions and difficulty in separating carbon materials from catalysts

affecting downstream use. Plasma methane pyrolysis has a high conversion rate but requires a substantial energy input. Molten medium methane pyrolysis has lower energy consumption

and the carbon materials float on the surface of the molten medium

not hindering the continuous reaction and are easily separated and collected. However

the high temperature of the molten medium requires high requirements for the reactor materials

and the cost of purifying carbon materials also affects the economic viability of this process for industrialization. Combining renewable energy is the future trend towards achieving clean and efficient methane pyrolysis for hydrogen. Utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy to provide the energy required for methane pyrolysis processes

can reduce the reliance on traditional energy. From current research and development

trends

molten medium methane pyrolysis process for hydrogen integrated with renewable energy sources is expected to become the key process for methane pyrolysis for hydrogen and carbon materials.

关键词

天然气甲烷裂解制氢碳材料反应工艺

Keywords

natural gasmethane pyrolysishydrogen productioncarbon productsreaction technology

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