Chemical absorption method is the most potential and most widely used carbon dioxide capture technology. However, high renewable energy consumption is also a common problem, which increases the cost of carbon capture and restricts the promotion of chemical absorption carbon capture technology. The chemical absorbents（amine absorbent, two-phase absorbent, homogeneous aqueous absorbent, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent） and carbon capture technological process（absorption process optimization,desorption process optimization and composite process optimization） were summarized. The future development of chemical absorption method was prospected. The analysis shows that the key research direction in future will be developing novel mixed amine systems, designing deep eutectic solvent, declining the viscosity and cost of two-phase absorbent, homogeneous aqueous absorbent and ionic liquids, and achieving the low-energy regeneration. When improving the absorption process and desorption process, it is necessary to make full use of the waste heat in systems. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the system to get the greatest extent, several optimization methods of single process should be reasonably combined to improve the composite process.