沸石分子筛路易斯酸位点的构建、失活及稳定化研究进展

贾伯阳; 柳蒙蒙; 岳宣宇; 崔燕冉; 陈亚松

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250208

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沸石分子筛路易斯酸位点的构建、失活及稳定化研究进展

低碳分子转化合成 | 更新时间：2026-04-23

- 沸石分子筛路易斯酸位点的构建、失活及稳定化研究进展
- Research progress on construction, deactivation and stabilization of Lewis acid sites in zeolite molecular sieves
- 低碳化学与化工 2026, 51(4): 38-48.
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国长江三峡集团有限公司，湖北武汉 430000
  2.浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院，浙江杭州 310058
- 作者简介：
  
  贾伯阳（1986—），博士，高级工程师，研究方向为水环境系统治理，E-mail：jia_boyang@ctg.com.cn。
  陈亚松（1982—），博士，正高级工程师，研究方向为水环境系统治理，E-mail：chen_yasong@ctg.com.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目资助(NBWL202200489);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20241500)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250208
  中图分类号： TQ426.61;O643.36
- 收稿：2025-04-29，
  
  修回：2025-05-27，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-25
- 稿件说明：
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贾伯阳,柳蒙蒙,岳宣宇等.沸石分子筛路易斯酸位点的构建、失活及稳定化研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2026,51(4):38-48.

JIA Boyang,LIU Mengmeng,YUE Xuanyu,et al.Research progress on construction, deactivation and stabilization of Lewis acid sites in zeolite molecular sieves[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2026,51(4):38-48.
贾伯阳,柳蒙蒙,岳宣宇等.沸石分子筛路易斯酸位点的构建、失活及稳定化研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2026,51(4):38-48. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250208.

JIA Boyang,LIU Mengmeng,YUE Xuanyu,et al.Research progress on construction, deactivation and stabilization of Lewis acid sites in zeolite molecular sieves[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2026,51(4):38-48. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250208.

摘要

精准构建沸石分子筛中的路易斯酸位点（Lewis acid sites，LAS）是提升其催化活性的重要策略之一。然而，在实际反应中，水诱导、中毒、积炭和骨架坍塌等问题会导致LAS被破坏从而催化剂失活。系统综述了LAS的构建方法、失活机制及稳定化策略。通过骨架脱铝（水热、酸碱处理）、金属离子掺杂和缺陷工程可有效构建LAS，其催化活性源于配位不饱和金属中心的缺电子特性。然而，LAS在反应过程中易与水分子配位饱和、发生高温羟基缩合、被积炭覆盖及溶出阳离子等，引起酸强度衰减及结构坍塌从而失活。当前LAS稳定化策略聚焦于：（1）疏水改性（增大硅铝比（物质的量比）、表面功能化）抑制水解反应；（2）结构强化（金属离子掺杂、物理防护层制备和高熵合金构建等）延缓铝物种迁移；（3）多级孔构建提升抗积炭性能；（4）LAS再生。以上策略对于稳定LAS发挥着重要作用。今后，随着表征技术和催化剂制备技术的不断发展，研究人员可精准解析LAS失活机制并构建原子层面抗失活位点。

Abstract

Precise construction of Lewis acid sites (LAS) in zeolite molecular sieves is one of the important strategies to improve their catalytic activity. However

problems such as water induction

poisoning

carbon deposition and skeleton collapse in actual reactions can lead to the destruction and deactivation of LAS. The construction methods

deactivation mechanisms and stabilization strategies of LAS were systematically reviewed. LAS can be efficiently constructed by framework de-alumination (hydrothermal and acid treatment)

metal ion doping and defect engineering

and their catalytic activity originates from the electron-deficient property of the coordinating unsaturated metal center. However

LAS are prone to coordination saturation with water molecules

high-temperature hydroxyl condensation

carbon deposition

and cation dissolution during the reaction process

leading to acid strength decay and structural collapse

resulting in deactivation. Current LAS stabilization strategies focus on: (1) Hydrophobic modification (increasing silica-aluminium ratio (molar ratio)

surface functionalization) to inhibit hydrolysis; (2) Structural reinforcement (metal ion doping

preparation of physical protective layer and construction of high-entropy alloys) to delay the migration of aluminium species; (3) Hierarchical pore construction to enhance the anti carbon deposition performance; (4) LAS regeneration. Above strategies play an important role in stabilizing LAS. In the future

with the continuous development of characterization technologies and catalyst preparation technologies

researchers can accurately analyze the mechanisms of LAS deactivation and construct atomic level anti-deactivation sites.

关键词

Keywords

references

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