耦合LNG冷能和余热回收的氢液化系统热力学分析及优化

胡涛; 李建立; 李敬法; 胡涛; 宇波

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250301

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耦合LNG冷能和余热回收的氢液化系统热力学分析及优化

更新时间：2026-04-08

- 耦合LNG冷能和余热回收的氢液化系统热力学分析及优化
- Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of hydrogen liquefaction system coupled with LNG cold energy and waste heat recovery
- 低碳化学与化工 2026: 1-10.
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京石油化工学院机械工程学院，北京 102617
  2.长江大学石油工程学院，湖北武汉 430100
  3.长庆工程设计有限公司，陕西西安 710018
- 作者简介：
  
  胡涛（1999—），硕士研究生，研究方向为氢液化及过冷工艺，E-mail：2023520121@bipt.edu.cn。
  李建立（1979—），博士，副教授，研究方向为储氢工艺及装备，E-mail：lijianli_gz@bipt.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52372311);福建省“揭榜挂帅”引导性项目(2023H0054);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ31YJ04)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250301
  中图分类号： TQ116.27
- 收稿：2025-07-17，
  
  修回：2025-09-03，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-02，
- 稿件说明：
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胡涛,李建立,李敬法等.耦合LNG冷能和余热回收的氢液化系统热力学分析及优化[J].低碳化学与化工,

HU Tao,LI Jianli,LI Jingfa,et al.Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of hydrogen liquefaction system coupled with LNG cold energy and waste heat recovery[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
胡涛,李建立,李敬法等.耦合LNG冷能和余热回收的氢液化系统热力学分析及优化[J].低碳化学与化工, DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250301.

HU Tao,LI Jianli,LI Jingfa,et al.Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of hydrogen liquefaction system coupled with LNG cold energy and waste heat recovery[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250301.

摘要

氢液化能耗在液氢终端应用的成本构成中占据较大比例（30%~50%）。为降低大型氢液化装置的能耗，提出了一种耦合液化天然气（LNG）冷能和余热回收的新型氢液化工艺。新工艺以“LNG预冷+多级氦布雷顿制冷”为基础，并集成两套能量回收系统。其中，LNG预冷段增设直接膨胀发电循环，回收LNG气化压力能发电并强化预冷；氦压缩段增设有机朗肯循环（ORC），回收高温氦气余热发电。通过Aspen HYSYS软件开展稳态流程模拟和热力学分析（能耗、㶲分析和换热器评估），验证了新工艺可行性。结果表明，当液氢产量为120 t/d时，新工艺比能耗为6.22 kW·h/kg，系统总㶲效率达到48.95%。与基础工艺相比，新工艺的LNG消耗量降低了29.2%，比能耗降低了5.61%。此外，通过回收压缩机余热驱动ORC发电，显著降低了冷却器的㶲损失（降低60.54%）。在确保合理换热效率的前提下，适当增大LNG流量和优化ORC蒸发压力可进一步降低能耗。新工艺具有能耗低、㶲效率高的优势，可为LNG接收站实现冷能资源化利用和高效氢液化提供参考。

Abstract

Hydrogen liquefaction energy consumption accounts for a large proportion (from 30% to 50%) of the total cost in liquid hydrogen end-use applications. To reduce the energy consumption of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction plants

a novel hydrogen liquefaction process coupled with liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy and waste heat recovery was proposed. The new process is based on the configuration of “LNG precooling + multi-stage helium Brayton refrigeration” and incorporates two energy recovery subsystems. Specifically

a direct expansion power generation cycle is introduced in the LNG precooling section to recover the pressure energy during LNG vaporization for power generation and enhance the precooling performance. Meanwhile

an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is integrated into the helium compression section to recover the waste heat of high-temperature helium for power generation. The feasibility of the proposed process was verified through steady-state process simulation and thermodynamic analysis

including energy consumption

exergy analysis and heat exchanger evaluation

using Aspen HYSYS. The results indicate that

at a liquid hydrogen production capacity of 120 t/d

the specific energy consumption of the proposed process is 6.22 kW·h/kg

and the overall exergy efficiency reaches 48.95%. Compared with the baseline process

the proposed process reduces LNG consumption by 29.2% and specific energy consumption by 5.61%. In addition

the recovery of compressor waste heat to drive the ORC significantly decreases the exergy destruction in the cooler by 60.54%. Under the premise of ensuring reasonable heat transfer efficiency

further energy reduction can be achieved by appropriately increasing the LNG flow rate and optimizing the ORC evaporation pressure. The proposed process exhibits advantages of low energy consumption and high exergy efficiency

providing a useful reference for LNG receiving terminals to realize cold energy utilization and high-efficiency hydrogen liquefaction.

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references

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