TAKATA T , JIANG J Z , SAKATA Y , et al . Photocatalytic water splitting with a quantum efficiency of almost unity [J ] . Nature , 2020 , 581 ( 7809 ): 411 - 414 .

WEI C , RAO R R , PENG J Y , et al . Recommended practices and benchmark activity for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis in water splitting and fuel cells [J ] . Advanced Materials , 2019 , 31 ( 31 ): 1806296 .

QI G C , ZHAO Q R , LIU Q J , et al . Biomass-derived carbon frameworks for oxygen and carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction [J ] . Ionics , 2021 , 27 ( 8 ): 3579 - 3586 .

CHANDRASEKARAN S , YAO L , DENG L B , et al . Recent advances in metal sulfides: From controlled fabrication to electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting and beyond [J ] . Chemical Society Reviews , 2019 , 48 ( 15 ): 4178 - 4280 .

MI Y Y , QIU Y , LIU Y F , et al . Cobalt-iron oxide nanosheets for high-efficiency solar-driven CO 2 -H 2 O coupling electrocatalytic reactions [J ] . Advanced Functional Materials , 2020 , 30 ( 31 ): 2003438 .

陈思晗 , 张珂 , 常丽萍 , 等 . 传统和新型制氢方法概述 [J ] . 天然气化工—C1化学与化工 , 2019 , 44 ( 2 ): 122 - 127 .

CHEN S H , ZHANG K , CHANG L P , et al . Overview of traditional and new hydrogen production methods [J ] . Natural Gas Chemical Industry , 2019 , 44 ( 2 ): 122 - 127 .

苏晨飞 , 王进 , 曹彬 , 等 . 微反应器内低碳醇水蒸气重整制氢研究进展 [J ] . 天然气化工—C1化学与化工 , 2022 , 47 ( 1 ): 1 - 7+23 .

SU C F , WANG J , CAO B , et al . Research progress of hydrogen production by steam reforming of low carbon alcohols in microreactor [J ] . Natural Gas Chemical Industry , 2022 , 47 ( 1 ): 1 - 7+23 .

张庆生 , 黄雪松 . 国内外氢能产业政策与技术经济性分析 [J ] . 低碳化学与化工 , 2023 , 48 ( 2 ): 133 - 139 .

ZHANG Q S , HUANG X S . Analysis of domestic and foreign hydrogen energy industrial policies and technical economy [J ] . Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , 2023 , 48 ( 2 ): 133 - 139 .

FANG S , ZHU X R , LIU X K , et al . Uncovering near-free platinum single-atom dynamics during electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 ( 1 ): 1029 .

张奇 , 郑东前 , 刘馨璐 , 等 . 大电流密度下高性能析氢电催化剂研究进展 [J ] . 低碳化学与化工 , 2024 , 49 ( 5 ): 96 - 104 .

ZHANG Q , ZHENG D Q , LIU X L , et al . Research progress on high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts under high current density [J ] . Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , 2024 , 49 ( 5 ): 96 - 104 .

SHANG X , LIU Z Z , LU S S , et al . Pt-C interfaces based on electronegativity-functionalized hollow carbon spheres for highly efficient hydrogen evolution [J ] . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces , 2018 , 10 ( 50 ): 43561 - 43569 .

SOLIMAN A B , HASSAN M H , TRAN NGOC H , et al . Pt immobilization within a tailored porous-organic polymer graphene composite: Opportunities in the hydrogen evolving reaction [J ] . ACS Catalysis , 2017 , 7 ( 11 ): 7847 - 7854 .

WANG X , RUDITSKIY A , XIA Y N . Rational design and synthesis of noble-metal nanoframes for catalytic and photonic applications [J ] . National Science Review , 2016 , 3 ( 4 ): 520 - 533 .

YANG X B , WANG Y Y , TONG X L , et al . Strain engineering in electrocatalysts: Fundamentals, progress, and perspectives [J ] . Advanced Energy Materials , 2022 , 12 ( 5 ): 2102261 .

WEI J M , ZHOU M , LONG A C , et al . Heterostructured electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions [J ] . Nano-Micro Letters , 2018 , 10 ( 4 ): 75 .

SEH Z W , KIBSGAARD J , DICKENS C F , et al . Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design [J ] . Science , 2017 , 355 : 6321 .

YANG D , LEE J , SONG N C , et al . Patent analysis on green hydrogen technology for future promising technologies [J ] . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 2023 , 48 ( 83 ): 32241 - 32260 .

FERNÁNDEZ-ARIAS P , ANTÓN-SANCHO Á , LAMPROPOULOS G , et al . On green hydrogen generation technologies: A bibliometric review [J ] . Applied Sciences , 2024 , 14 ( 6 ): 2524 .

JARAMILLO T F , JORGENSEN K P , BONDE J , et al . Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H 2 evolution from MoS 2 nanocatalysts [J ] . Science , 2007 , 317 ( 5834 ): 100 - 102 .

YU K M , NING G Q , YANG J T , et al . Restructured PtNi on ultrathin nickel hydroxide for enhanced performance in hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation [J ] . Journal of Catalysts , 2019 , 375 : 267 - 278 .

GAO L , YANG Z L , SUN T L , et al . Autocatalytic surface reduction-assisted synthesis of PtW ultrathin alloy nanowires for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Advanced Energy Materials , 2022 , 12 ( 11 ): 2103943 .

KWEON D H , OKYAY M S , KIM S J , et al . Ruthenium anchored on carbon nanotube electrocatalyst for hydrogen production with enhanced faradaic efficiency [J ] . Nature Communications , 2020 , 11 ( 1 ): 1278 .

YE C C , LIU J Z , ZHANG Q H , et al . Activating metal oxides nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic water oxidation by quenching-induced near-surface metal atom functionality [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2021 , 143 ( 35 ): 14169 - 14177 .

XIAO Y , HWANG J Y , SUN Y K . Transition metal carbide-based materials: Synthesis and applications in electrochemical energy storage [J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 2016 , 4 ( 27 ): 10379 - 10393 .

OOKA H , HUANG J , EXNER K S . The sabatier principle in electrocatalysis: Basics, limitations, and extensions [J ] . Frontiers in Energy Research , 2021 , 9 : 654460 .

TAN C L , LUO Z M , CHATURVEDI A , et al . Preparation of high-percentage 1T-phase transition metal dichalcogenide nanodots for electrochemical hydrogen evolution [J ] . Advanced Materials , 2018 , 30 ( 9 ): 1705509 .

LI J C , GE R , LAN P P , et al . In situ phase transition induced TM-MoC/Mo 2 C (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) heterostructure catalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution [J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 2022 , 10 ( 19 ): 10493 - 10502 .

WANG K W , YU K F , XU S N , et al . Synergizing lattice strain and electron transfer in TMSs@1T-MoS 2 in-plane heterostructures for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Applied Catalysis B: Environmental , 2023 , 328 : 122445 .

SAHOO D P , DAS K K , MANSINGH S , et al . Recent progress in first row transition metal Layered double hydroxide (LDH) based electrocatalysts towards water splitting: A review with insights on synthesis [J ] . Coordination Chemistry Reviews , 2022 , 469 : 214666 .

LIU S J , ZHU J , SUN M , et al . Promoting the hydrogen evolution reaction through oxygen vacancies and phase transformation engineering on layered double hydroxide nanosheets [J ] . Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 2020 , 8 ( 5 ): 2490 - 2497 .

HUANG H J , YAN M M , YANG C Z , et al . Graphene nanoarchitectonics: Recent advances in graphene-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Advanced Materials , 2019 , 31 ( 48 ): 1903415 .

JORGE A B , JERVIS R , PERIASAMY A P , et al . 3D carbon materials for efficient oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis [J ] . Advanced Energy Materials , 2020 , 10 ( 11 ): 1902494 .

PAUL R , ZHAI Q F , ROY A K , et al . Charge transfer of carbon nanomaterials for efficient metal-free electrocatalysis [J ] . Interdisciplinary Materials , 2022 , 1 ( 1 ): 28 - 50 .

WANG J , KONG H , ZHANG J Y , et al . Carbon-based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy applications [J ] . Progress in Materials Science , 2021 , 116 : 100717 .

LI Y W , LU M T , WU Y H , et al . Trimetallic metal-organic framework derived carbon-based nanoflower electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting [J ] . Advanced Materials Interfaces , 2019 , 6 ( 12 ): 1900290 .

VEEMAN D , SHREE M V , SURESHKUMAR P , et al . Sustainable development of carbon nanocomposites: Synthesis and classification for environmental remediation [J ] . Journal of Nanomaterials , 2021 , 2021: 5840645 ,.

GONG L , XIA F , ZHU J W , et al . Hydrogen evolution reactivity of pentagonal carbon rings and p-d orbital hybridization effect with Ru [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2024 , 63 ( 50 ): e202411125 .

WANG C H , ZHANG J , MIAO K H , et al . Octahedral nanocrystals of Ru-doped PtFeNiCuW/CNTs high-entropy alloy: High performance toward pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Advanced Materials , 2024 , 36 ( 33 ): 2400433 .

WANG H F , CHEN L Y , PANG H , et al . Mof-derived electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions [J ] . Chemical Society Reviews , 2020 , 49 ( 5 ): 1414 - 1448 .

QIU T J , GAO S , LIANG Z B , et al . Pristine hollow metal-organic frameworks: Design, synthesis and application [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2021 , 60 ( 32 ): 17314 - 17336 .

SUN Y M , XUE Z Q , LIU Q L , et al . Modulating electronic structure of metal-organic frameworks by introducing atomically dispersed Ru for efficient hydrogen evolution [J ] . Nature Communications , 2021 , 12 ( 1 ): 1369 .

YUAN W H , LI Y , LIANG L M , et al . Dual-anion doping enables NiSe 2 electrocatalysts to accelerate alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . ACS Applied Energy Materials , 2022 , 5 ( 4 ): 5036 - 5043 .

ZHOU Y P , WANG Y W , ZHAO H Y , et al . Investigation of anion doping effect to boost overall water splitting [J ] . Journal of Catalysis , 2020 , 381 : 84 - 95 .

TANG Y H , LIU Q , DONG L , et al . Activating the hydrogen evolution and overall water splitting performance of NiFe LDH by cation doping and plasma reduction [J ] . Applied Catalysis B: Environmental , 2020 , 266 : 118627 .

XU H T , LIU T Y , BAI S X , et al . Cation exchange strategy to single-atom noble-metal doped CuO nanowire arrays with ultralow overpotential for H 2 O splitting [J ] . Nano Letters , 2020 , 20 ( 7 ): 5482 - 5489 .

VESBORG P C K , JARAMILLO T F . Addressing the terawatt challenge: Scalability in the supply of chemical elements for renewable energy [J ] . RSC Advances , 2012 , 2 ( 21 ): 7933 - 7947 .

GAO M R , XU Y F , JIANG J , et al . Nanostructured metal chalcogenides: Synthesis, modification, and applications in energy conversion and storage devices [J ] . Chemical Society Reviews , 2013 , 42 ( 7 ): 2986 - 3017 .

PENG L S , WANG J , NIE Y , et al . Dual-ligand synergistic modulation: A satisfactory strategy for simultaneously improving the activity and stability of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts [J ] . ACS Catalysis , 2017 , 7 ( 12 ): 8184 - 8191 .

MAI L Q , TIAN X C , XU X , et al . Nanowire electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 2014 , 114 ( 23 ): 11828 - 11862 .

MORALES-GUIO C G , STERN L A , HU X L . Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution [J ] . Chemical Society Reviews , 2014 , 43 ( 18 ): 6555 - 6569 .

CARENCO S , PORTEHAULT D , BOISSIÈRE C , et al . Nanoscaled metal borides and phosphides: Recent developments and perspectives [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 2013 , 113 ( 10 ): 7981 - 8065 .

JIAO S L , FU X W , ZHANG L , et al . Point-defect-optimized electron distribution for enhanced electrocatalysis: Towards the perfection of the imperfections [J ] . Nano Today , 2020 , 31 : 100833 .

JIAO S L , FU X W , WANG S Y , et al . Perfecting electrocatalysts via imperfections: Towards the large-scale deployment of water electrolysis technology [J ] . Energy & Environmental Science , 2021 , 14 ( 4 ): 1722 - 1770 .

YANG T H , SHI Y , JANSSEN A , et al . Surface capping agents and their roles in shape-controlled synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals [J ] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2020 , 59 ( 36 ): 15378 - 15401 .

SHI Y F , LYU Z H , ZHAO M , et al . Noble-metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes for catalytic and electrocatalytic applications [J ] . Chemical Reviews , 2021 , 121 ( 2 ): 649 - 735 .

KOBAYASHI S , TRYK D A , UCHIDA H . Enhancement of hydrogen evolution activity on Pt-skin/PtCo [(111), (100), and (110)] single crystal electrodes [J ] . Electrochemistry Communications , 2020 , 110 : 106615 .

SU D W , FORD M , WANG G X . Mesoporous nio crystals with dominantly exposed {110} reactive facets for ultrafast lithium storage [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2012 , 2 ( 1 ): 924 .

FENG L L , YU G T , WU Y Y , et al . High-index faceted Ni 3 S 2 nanosheet arrays as highly active and ultrastable electrocatalysts for water splitting [J ] . Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2015 , 137 ( 44 ): 14023 - 14026 .

LI C Y , WANG Z J , LIU M D , et al . Ultrafast self-heating synthesis of robust heterogeneous nanocarbides for high current density hydrogen evolution reaction [J ] . Nature Communications , 2022 , 13 ( 1 ): 3338 .

KIM M , KIM S H , PARK J , et al . Reconstructing oxygen-deficient zirconia with ruthenium catalyst on atomic-scale interfaces toward hydrogen production [J ] . Advanced Functional Materials , 2023 , 33 ( 29 ): 2300673 .