厨余垃圾热转化利用技术进展

韩震晴; 沈骏; 刘雪松; 王子奇; 郑植

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240158

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厨余垃圾热转化利用技术进展

碳资源转化利用

- 厨余垃圾热转化利用技术进展
- Progress of thermal conversion and utilization technologies of kitchen waste
- 低碳化学与化工 2025, 50(1): 54-64.
- 作者机构：
  
  上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院，上海 201620
- 作者简介：
  
  韩震晴（2001—），硕士研究生，研究方向为厨余垃圾热转化利用，E-mail：15055847023@163.com。
  沈骏（1986—），博士，副教授，研究方向为新型能源热化学转化利用，E-mail：ffcc1107@126.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(52276127)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240158
  中图分类号： TQ51;X705
- 纸质出版日期：2025-01-25，
  
  收稿日期：2024-04-15，
  
  修回日期：2024-05-11，
- 稿件说明：
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韩震晴, 沈骏, 刘雪松, 等. 厨余垃圾热转化利用技术进展[J]. 低碳化学与化工, 2025,50(1):54-64.

HAN ZHENQING, SHEN JUN, LIU XUESONG, et al. Progress of thermal conversion and utilization technologies of kitchen waste. [J]. Low-carbon chemistry and chemical engineering, 2025, 50(1): 54-64.
韩震晴, 沈骏, 刘雪松, 等. 厨余垃圾热转化利用技术进展[J]. 低碳化学与化工, 2025,50(1):54-64. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240158.

HAN ZHENQING, SHEN JUN, LIU XUESONG, et al. Progress of thermal conversion and utilization technologies of kitchen waste. [J]. Low-carbon chemistry and chemical engineering, 2025, 50(1): 54-64. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240158.

摘要

为应对传统化石燃料储量减少、能源紧缺的问题，需进一步开发对可再生能源的利用方式。厨余垃圾作为居民生活中常见的有机固废，属于可再生能源范畴。由于厨余垃圾有机质含量高且易腐坏滋生细菌的特点，研究人员将更多关注点放在厨余垃圾的能源化利用方面。热转化技术由于具有周期短、效率高等特点非常适合作为厨余垃圾的能源化利用方式。常见热转化技术包括焚烧发电技术、水热液化技术、水热炭化技术、传统气化技术和超临界水气化技术。焚烧发电技术能够将厨余垃圾快速减量，实现有机废物向电能的转化利用；水热液化技术和水热炭化技术绿色环保，在制备高品质燃料方面具有显著优势，可分别实现厨余垃圾向生物原油、水热炭的高效转化；传统气化技术和超临界水气化技术能够将厨余垃圾向可燃合成气转化，技术较为成熟，尤其是超临界水气化技术在厨余垃圾制备清洁能源氢气方面具有较大优势。结合技术发展现状指出了各种热转化技术的局限性并提出了相关建议。对各种热转化技术的未来发展方向进行了展望，以为实现大规模厨余垃圾的能源化利用提供参考。

Abstract

To address the shortages of traditional fossil fuel reserves and energy

it is necessary to further develop the utilization methods of renewable energy. Kitchen waste

as common organic solid waste in residential life

belongs to the category of renewable energy. Due to its high organic matter content and susceptibility to spoilage and bacterial growth

human have focused more on energy utilization of kitchen waste. Thermal conversion technologies are suitable as resource utilization methods for kitchen waste due to their short cycle and high efficiency

including incineration power generation technology

hydrothermal liquefaction technology

hydrothermal carbonization technology

traditional gasification technology and supercritical water gasification technology. Incineration power generation technology can quickly reduce kitchen waste and achieve the conversion and utilization of organic waste to generate power. Hydrothermal liquefaction technology and hydrothermal carbonization technology are environmentally friendly and have significant advantages in preparing high-quality fuels

respectively achieving efficient conversion of kitchen waste to bio oil and hydrothermal carbon. Traditional gasification technology and supercritical water gasification technology can convert kitchen waste to combustible synthesis gas

and they are relatively mature. Especially

supercritical water gasification technology has great advantages in the preparation of clean energy hydrogen from kitchen waste. Combined with the current status of technological development

the limitations of various thermal conversion technologies were pointed out and relevant suggestions were put forward. The future development directions of various technologies were discussed

to provide references for achieving energy utilization of large-scale kitchen waste.

关键词

厨余垃圾热转化技术焚烧发电水热液化水热炭化气化技术

Keywords

kitchen wastethermal conversion technologiesincineration power generationhydrothermal liquefactionhydrothermal carbonizationgasification technologies

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