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甲醇与CO2直接合成碳酸二甲酯多相催化剂研究进展
Research progress on heterogeneous catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2
- 低碳化学与化工 2026: 1-16.
- 作者机构：
陕西氢能研究院有限公司，陕西 西安 712046
- 作者简介：
张磊（1993-），硕士，工程师，研究方向为多相催化剂的开发及利用，E-mail:lei19930605@163.com。
郑化安（1965-），教授级高工，研究方向为碳资源转化利用，E-mail:zhenghuaan@163.com。
- 基金信息：国家重点研发计划(2024YFE0207500);陕西省重点研发计划(2025CY-YBXM-498)
DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250472
中图分类号： TQ426;TQ225收稿：2025-10-16，
修回：2026-02-05，
网络首发：2026-03-02，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张磊,黄晔,郑化安等.甲醇与CO2直接合成碳酸二甲酯多相催化剂研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,
ZHANG Lei,HUANG Ye,ZHENG Huaan,et al.Research progress on heterogeneous catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
张磊,黄晔,郑化安等.甲醇与CO2直接合成碳酸二甲酯多相催化剂研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工, DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250472.
ZHANG Lei,HUANG Ye,ZHENG Huaan,et al.Research progress on heterogeneous catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250472.
摘要
CO
2
与甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯是一种实现碳资源化利用的绿色原子经济性途径，但其应用面临反应热力学平衡限制、CO
2
分子高稳定性及催化剂难以循环使用等问题。多相催化剂的设计是突破该技术瓶颈的核心。本文系统综述了甲醇与CO
2
直接合成碳酸二甲酯的多相催化体系研究进展，重点分析了负载型催化剂、杂多酸催化剂、金属氧化物催化剂等多相热催化剂以及多相光催化体系、电催化体系的设计策略、催化性能与反应机理。文献研究表明，精准调控催化剂的形貌、晶面结构、氧空位浓度及表面酸碱位点，是提升DMC合成的关键策略；另一方面，光催化与电催化等外场能量辅助技术的引入，可在温和条件下有效突破反应的热力学限制，显著提高DMC收率。
然而，当前催化体系仍面临活性与稳定性难以兼顾、反应条件偏苛刻、机理认识不足等挑战。未来研究应聚焦于设计低成本高稳定性催化剂，发展光-热-电多场耦合工艺，并结合原位表征与理论计算深入揭示活性位点动态机制，推动该绿色合成路线的工业化应用。
Abstract
The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO
2
and methanol is a green and atom-economical route for carbon resource utilization. However
its application faces challenges such as thermodynamic limitations
the high stability of CO₂
and difficulties in catalyst recycling. The design of heterogeneous catalysts is key to overcoming these barriers. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in heterogeneous catalytic systems—including supported catalysts
heteropoly acids
metal oxide-based thermal catalysts
as well as photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems—focusing on their design strategies
catalytic performance
and reaction mechanisms. Studies indicate that precise regulation of catalyst morphology
crystal facets
oxygen vacancy concentration
and surface acid-base sites is crucial for enhancing DMC synthesis. Moreover
external energy-assisted technologies like photo- and electrocatalysis can effectively overcome thermodynamic constraints under mild conditions
significantly improving DMC yield. Nevertheless
current catalytic systems still suffer from trade-offs between activity and stability
harsh reaction conditions
and insufficient mechanistic understanding. Future research should focus on designing cost-effective and stable catalysts
developing light-thermal-electrical multi-field coupling processes
and combining in-situ characterization with theoretical calculations to elucidate dynamic active site mechanisms
thereby advancing the industrialization of this green synthesis route.
关键词
Keywords
references
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