中国电力行业碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用进展

李雪宁; 王茹洁; 刘静怡; 黄鑫; 荆润秋; 李蔷薇; 张盼

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250161

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中国电力行业碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用进展

CCUS技术 | 更新时间：2026-02-02

- 中国电力行业碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用进展
- Progress on application of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology in China’s power industries
- 低碳化学与化工 2026, 51(1): 108-119.
- 作者机构：
  
  华北电力大学（保定）环境科学与工程系河北省燃煤电站烟气多污染物协同控制重点实验室，河北保定 071003
- 作者简介：
  
  李雪宁（1998—），硕士，研究方向为CO2捕集与转化，E-mail：lxn1641764382@163.com。
  王茹洁（1983—），博士，副教授，研究方向为大气污染控制与碳捕集，E-mail：rujiewang@gmail.com；
  张盼（1986—），博士，副教授，研究方向为大气污染控制，E-mail：zhangpan01@ncepu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(22178096);中央高校基本科研业务费经费(2024JY003);北京自然科学基金(2232029);河北省自然科学基金(B2025502009)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250161
  中图分类号： TQ53;X51
- 收稿：2025-04-08，
  
  修回：2025-04-29，
  
  纸质出版：2026-01-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李雪宁,王茹洁,刘静怡等.中国电力行业碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2026,51(1):108-119.

LI Xuening,WANG Rujie,LIU Jingyi,et al.Progress on application of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology in China’s power industries[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2026,51(1):108-119.
李雪宁,王茹洁,刘静怡等.中国电力行业碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2026,51(1):108-119. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250161.

LI Xuening,WANG Rujie,LIU Jingyi,et al.Progress on application of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology in China’s power industries[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2026,51(1):108-119. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250161.

摘要

碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是实现电力行业低碳转型的关键路径。基于现有工程实践，探讨了CCUS各环节

发展现状，分析了主流碳捕集技术的特点与工程应用现状，指出了燃烧后捕集技术与现有电厂兼容性优势，对比了不同运输方式与碳捕集规模的匹配关系，揭示了管道网络化运输对规模化应用的支撑作用，评估了CO

封存及利用等途径的减排潜力，并展望了CCUS发展趋势。分析发现，燃烧后捕集技术成熟且对现有设施继承性好，亟需通过吸收剂/吸附剂/膜材料等新型材料的开发和工艺优化实现低能耗碳捕集；小体量陆路运输已初具规模，管道运输进入快速发展阶段，运输成本随运输规模扩大显著下降，可为未来CO

大规模工业运输提供重要保障；CO

驱油可使原油采收率提升7%~15%，其与化工/生物利用是提高CCUS技术整体经济性的有效措施。虽然当前CCUS技术存在能耗和成本较高等瓶颈，但通过技术优化与规模化应用可显著提升其经济性。CCUS和生物质能碳捕集与封存（BECCS）技术有望在2060年为我国贡献10 × 10

t/a CO

减排量，不仅可支撑电力行业深度脱碳进程，还可为其他高CO

排放行业的低碳转型提供技术参考。

Abstract

Carbon capture

utilization

and storage (CCUS) technology represents a critical pathway for achieving low-carbon transformation in the power industries. Based on existing engineering practices

the current development status of CCUS was explored

and the characteristics and engineering application status of mainstream carbon capture technologies were analyzed

and the compatibility advantages of post-combustion capture technology with existing power plants were pointed out

and the matching relationships between different transportation modes and carbon capture scales were compared

and the supportive role of pipeline network transportation in large-scale applications was revealed

and the emission reduction potential of CO

storage and utilization pathways was evaluated

and the development trend of CCUS was prospected. It is found that post-combustion capture technology is mature and has good inheritance to existing facilities

and urgent development of novel materials (absorbents/adsorbents/membranes) and process optimization to achieve low-energy consumption are required. Small-scale land transportation has achieved initial scale

while pipeline transportation is entering rapid development phase. Transportation costs have significantly decreased with the expansion of transportation scale

which can provide important guarantees for future industrial-scale CO

transportation. CO

flooding increases crude o

il recovery rates by 7%~15%

and its combination with chemical/biological utilization is an effective measure to improve CCUS economic viability. Although current CCUS technology faces challenges of high energy consumption and cost

technological optimization and scaled applications can substantially enhance its economy. CCUS with bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technology is projected to contribute 10 × 10

t/a CO

emission reduction for China by 2060

which can not only support deep decarbonization in the power industries but also provide technical references for low-carbon transitions in other high CO

emission industries.

关键词

Keywords

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