气流床煤气化细渣燃烧特性及其工程化应用研究进展

王庆云; 高春雷; 刘夏青; 马利; 方鹏程; 李芳; 白永辉; 吕鹏; 于广锁

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250134

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气流床煤气化细渣燃烧特性及其工程化应用研究进展

煤炭高效转化与利用 | 更新时间：2025-08-25

- 气流床煤气化细渣燃烧特性及其工程化应用研究进展
- Research progress on combustion characteristics and engineering application of fine slag from entrained-flow coal gasification
- 低碳化学与化工 2025, 50(8): 12-25.
- 作者机构：
  
  1.宁夏大学化学化工学院，宁夏银川 750021
  2.兖矿能源集团股份有限公司，山东邹城 273500
  3.国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司煤制油化工公用设施管理分公司，宁夏银川 750021
  4.华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院，上海 200237
- 作者简介：
  
  王庆云（1999—），硕士研究生，研究方向为煤气化细渣资源化利用，E-mail：1731702273@qq.com。
  白永辉（1987—），博士，教授，研究方向为煤炭清洁高效利用，E-mail：yhbai@nxu.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3904302);宁东能源化工基地重点支持领域科技项目(2023NDKJXMLX022)
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250134
  中图分类号： TQ534
- 收稿日期：2025-03-25，
  
  修回日期：2025-04-20，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-08-25
- 稿件说明：
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王庆云,高春雷,刘夏青等.气流床煤气化细渣燃烧特性及其工程化应用研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(8):12-25.

WANG Qingyun,GAO Chunlei,LIU Xiaqing,et al.Research progress on combustion characteristics and engineering application of fine slag from entrained-flow coal gasification[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(8):12-25.
王庆云,高春雷,刘夏青等.气流床煤气化细渣燃烧特性及其工程化应用研究进展[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(8):12-25. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250134.

WANG Qingyun,GAO Chunlei,LIU Xiaqing,et al.Research progress on combustion characteristics and engineering application of fine slag from entrained-flow coal gasification[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(8):12-25. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250134.

摘要

随着我国能源需求增长与环保要求提高，煤气化细渣的高效清洁处置已成为制约煤化工绿色低碳发展的关键问题。气流床气化技术虽具有高效转化优势，但其产生的细渣因含水率、灰分及残碳含量高等特性，难以直接资源化利用。综述了煤气化细渣的形成机制、组成结构及燃烧特性，重点分析了碳的石墨化程度、灰分包裹效应及孔隙结构对燃烧活性的制约机理。针对煤气化细渣燃烧性能差的问题，现有研究提出了两种主要路径：一是通过预热、氧化或流态化熔融燃烧等改性手段强化煤气化细渣单独燃烧活性；二是通过与煤、生物质等高反应性燃料掺混燃烧，利用协同效应提升整体燃烧效率。在工程化应用研究方面，循环流化床焚烧炉、高温预热脱碳装备及掺烧工艺已取得显著进展，可有效降低残碳含量并实现能源回收，但仍面临设备磨损与腐蚀、残碳燃尽困难、二次污染风险及掺烧比例受限等问题。总结了当前技术挑战，并展望了煤气化细渣资源化与减量化的发展方向，可为推进煤炭清洁利用提供理论支撑与技术参考。

Abstract

With the increase of energy demand and environmental requirements in China

the efficient and clean disposal of coal gasification fine slag has become a critical issue constraining the green and low-carbon development of coal chemical industry. Although entrained-flow gasification technology has the advantage of efficient conversion

the fine slag produced is difficult to directly resource utilize due to its high moisture content

ash content

and residual carbon content. The formation mechanisms

compositional structures

and combustion characteristics of coal gasification fine slag were systematically reviewed

with a focus on analyzing the constraints of carbon graphitization

ash encapsulation effects

and pore structure on combustion activity. Two main approaches have been proposed in existing research to address the issue of poor combustion performance of coal gasification fine slag. One is through preheating

oxidation or fluidized melt combustion and other modification means to strengthen the combustion activity of the coal gasification fine slag alone. Another one is to improve the overall combustion efficiency by blending and burning with highly reactive fuels such as coal and biomass

utilizing synergistic effects. In engineering applications

circulating fluidized bed incinerator

high-temperature preheating decarburization equipment and blending process has made significant progress

which can effectively reduce the residual carbon content and energy recovery

but still facing equipment wear and corrosion

difficulties in burning off residual carbo

the risk of secondary pollution and the limited blending ratio of bottlenecks. The current technical challenges were summarized

and the development directions of resource utilization and reduction of fine slag from coal gasification were prospected

which can provide theoretical support and technical reference for promoting clean utilization of coal.

关键词

Keywords

references

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