基于生命周期法的社区生活垃圾碳排放核算

任晓灵; 王晓燕; 尹朋建; 李剑颖; 赖金丽; 任一; 王晰; 王成君

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240374

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基于生命周期法的社区生活垃圾碳排放核算

绿色低碳化工技术 | 更新时间：2025-09-26

- 基于生命周期法的社区生活垃圾碳排放核算
- Carbon emission accounting of community municipal solid waste based on life cycle assessment
- 低碳化学与化工 2025, 50(9): 27-35.
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京市城市管理研究院生活垃圾检测分析与评价北京市重点实验室，北京 100028
  2.北京市环境卫生管理事务中心，北京 100067
  3.北京环境卫生工程集团有限公司，北京 100067
- 作者简介：
  
  任晓灵（1984—），博士，高级工程师，研究方向为固废治理与环境保护，E-mail：renxiaoling203@163.com。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240374
  中图分类号： TU993;X705
- 收稿日期：2024-09-04，
  
  修回日期：2024-10-14，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-09-25
- 稿件说明：
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任晓灵,王晓燕,尹朋建等.基于生命周期法的社区生活垃圾碳排放核算[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(09):27-35.

REN Xiaoling,WANG Xiaoyan,YIN Pengjian,et al.Carbon emission accounting of community municipal solid waste based on life cycle assessment[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(09):27-35.
任晓灵,王晓燕,尹朋建等.基于生命周期法的社区生活垃圾碳排放核算[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(09):27-35. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240374.

REN Xiaoling,WANG Xiaoyan,YIN Pengjian,et al.Carbon emission accounting of community municipal solid waste based on life cycle assessment[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(09):27-35. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20240374.

摘要

对垃圾分类背景下的生活垃圾管理全流程开展碳排放核算，分析碳排放关键环节，可为碳减排提供数据支撑。以北京市某典型社区为研究对象，对该社区厨余垃圾和其他垃圾的收集、运输和处理全流程进行了物质流分析，基于生命周期法（LCA）绘制了碳排放核算边界图，建立了碳排放核算方法。通过碳排放核算及分析，发现该社区生活垃圾管理全流程中碳排放关键环节为其他垃圾中化石碳焚烧，产生的直接碳排放为612.70 kg/d，其中塑料和纸类焚烧是造成直接碳排放高的主要因素。厨余垃圾管理全流程净碳排放为3.36 kg/d，各环节碳排放贡献从大到小依次为：厌氧消化系统（7.95 kg/d）、沼液处理（6.55 kg/d）、垃圾收运（2.38 kg/d）、预处理（1.25 kg/d）和固渣焚烧（0.65 kg/d）。垃圾焚烧产生了大量CO

，未来CO

捕集与利用技术或将成为垃圾焚烧主要的降碳路径。可以通过源头限塑或塑料回收减少垃圾量，从而降低生活垃圾管理全流程的碳排放；也可以通过厨余垃圾精细化分类降低厨余垃圾处理设施负荷及固渣产出量，从而降低碳排放。厨余垃圾管理全流程碳减排还可以通过产出物高值化利用来实现。

Abstract

Conducting carbon emission accounting for the entire process of municipal solid waste management under the context of waste classification and analyzing the key carbon emission stages can provide data support for carbon reduction. Taking a typical community in Beijing as the research object

material flow analysis was performed on the collection

transportation and treatment processes of food waste and residual waste. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach

a carbon emission accounting boundary diagram was developed

and a carbon emission accounting method was subsequently established. Through carbon emission calculation and analysis

it s found that the key carbon emission stage in the entire process of community municipal solid waste management is the incineration of fossil carbon in residual waste

with direct carbon emissions amounting to 612.70 kg/d. The main factors contributing to t

he high direct carbon emissions are the incineration of plastics and paper. The net carbon emission for the entire process of food waste management is 3.36 kg/d

with the carbon emission contributions from each stage

ranked from highest to lowest

as follows: Anaerobic digestion system (7.95 kg/d)

leachate treatment (6.55 kg/d)

waste collection and transportation (2.38 kg/d)

pre-treatment (1.25 kg/d)

and solid residue incineration (0.65 kg/d). The incineration of waste generates a large amount of CO

and in the future

capture and utilization technologies may become a primary pathway for carbon reduction in waste incineration. Carbon emissions in the entire process of municipal solid waste management can be reduced by limiting plastic at the source or recycling plastics to decrease waste volume. Additionally

refining food waste classification can reduce the load on food waste treatment facilities and solid residue output

thereby reducing carbon emissions. Carbon reduction in the food waste management process can also be achieved through the high-value utilization of its by-products.

关键词

Keywords

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