最新刊期
卷 50 ， 期 9 ， 2025
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摘要：Heterogeneous synthesis is the reaction for direct synthesis of isobutene and isobutane from syngas (CO + H2). Currently, the reaction is performed using ZrO2-based catalysts, but the reaction conditions are generally harsh and the catalysts have low CO conversion rate and C4 hydrocarbon selectivity. In order to solve the problem of weak performance of CO activation to generate C1 species of single ZrO2, the bifunctional catalysts formed by coupling CuZnAl catalyst with ZrO2 were investigated. The bifunctional catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation, impregnation and physical mixing methods, respectively, and their texture properties, oxide mass fractions and crystalline phase structures were characterized. The performances of catalysts for production of C4 hydrocarbons were evaluated under syngas composition of n(CO):n(H2) = 1:1, temperature of 260 ℃, pressure of 2 MPa and space velocity of 6000 mL/(g·h) for 72 h. The results show that the surface ZrO2 of CZA-ZrO2(im) obtained by impregnation method produced strong interaction with CuZnAl, and the surface of CZA-ZrO2(im) has suitable acidity and alkalinity, which were favorable for generating CH3O* species on CuZnAl, and generating C4 hydrocarbon isomers under the action of ZrO2. The CO conversion rate, C4 hydrocarbon selectivity and the proportion (mole fraction) of C4 hydrocarbon isomers in C4 hydrocarbons are 5.9%, 15.1% and 79.7%, respectively.关键词：ZrO2;CuZnAl catalysts;bifunctional catalysts;C4 hydrocarbons;syngas conversion243|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：The ventilation air methane emitted during coal mining is a significant source of methane emissions. Due to the low concentration and large emission of methane, its large-scale treatment is difficult. Catalytic oxidation technology can effectively remove low-concentration methane at relatively low temperatures, with a key focus on developing low-cost and high-performance catalysts. Manganese oxides with different oxidation valance states and crystal phases were investigated to explore the catalytic oxidation performances of low concentration methane in a fixed-bed reactor. TG, XRD, SEM, XPS and H2-TPR were used to characterize and analyze the physicochemical properties of catalysts and explore the possible reaction mechanisms. The results show that MnO2 (β-MnO2) has higher catalytic activity than Mn2O3, and the activation temperature (t10) and complete oxidation temperature (t90) of MnO2 are 365 ℃ and 505 ℃, respectively, which are significantly lower than those of Mn2O3 (t10 = 655 ℃, t90 = 795 ℃). TG analysis shows that MnO2 gradually losts oxygen and transforms into Mn2O3 above 550 ℃, which may affect the activity of catalysts. At the same valence state, α-MnO2 demonstrates superior methane catalytic oxidation performance compared to β-MnO2. t90 of α-MnO2 is 433 ℃. The H2-TPR results shows that α-MnO2 has a lower reducing temperature and thus higher lattice oxygen activity. After 24 h reaction at 550 ℃, the methane conversion rate of α-MnO2 decreases by approximately 8%, indicating that further improvements are needed to enhance the stability of manganese oxides catalysts. This study can provide reference for the development of cost-effective manganese-based catalysts for methane oxidation.关键词：manganese oxide;crystal phases;methane catalytic oxidation;catalytic activity90|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Utilizing spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts as a low-cost silicon source to prepare solid amine CO2 adsorbents enables the high-value utilization of waste catalysts while simultaneously achieving carbon emission reduction, thereby realizing “waste against waste treatment”. First, a series of mesocellular silica foam materials (MCF-Nx) were synthesized as supports by extracting silicon from spent FCC catalysts via an alkaline dissolution method. Subsequently, solid amine adsorbents MCF-Nx-PEIy with high CO2 adsorption capacity and excellent cyclic stability were prepared by polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnation. The pore structure of MCF-Nx was optimized by adjusting the mass ratio of mineralizer NH4F to template agent triblock copolymer (P123) (x = 0.0113, 0.0226 or 0.0339). The structure and morphology of the foam supports and adsorbents were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, SEM, TEM, and FT-IR. Furthermore, the effects of PEI loading amounts, adsorption temperatures and water vapor on the CO2 adsorption performance of MCF-Nx-PEIy in simulated flue gas (10%CO2/90%N2, volume fraction) were investigated. The results show that when the mass ratio of NH4F and P123 is 0.0226, the optimal structural support MCF-N0.0226 is obtained, with a average pore diameter of 10.7 nm, which facilitates PEI loading. The MCF-N0.0226-PEI50, prepared by impregnating the optimal support with 50% (mass fraction) PEI, exhibits the highest CO2 adsorption capacity. Under the combined effects of adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics, the CO2 adsorption capacity of MCF-N0.0226-PEI50 first increases and then decreases with increasing adsorption temperature, reaching a maximum of 3.13 mmol/g at 75 ℃ under simulated flue gas conditions. Moreover, the presence of water vapor in the flue gas significantly enhances CO2 adsorption, increasing the CO2 adsorption capacity to 6.08 mmol/g. During 30 flue gas adsorption/desorption cycles, the CO2 adsorption capacity of MCF-N0.0226-PEI50 remains stable, demonstrating excellent cyclic stability. The mesocellular silica foam support derived from spent FCC catalysts features a three-dimensional pore structure and high pore volume, which promote PEI dispersion and facilitate CO2 diffusion, thereby increasing CO2 adsorption capacity while significantly improving amine efficiency. These findings highlight the promising application potential of this material for CO2 capture in flue gas.关键词：spent FCC catalysts;polyethyleneimine;mesocellular silica foam;solid amine;flue gas CO2 capture135|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Conducting carbon emission accounting for the entire process of municipal solid waste management under the context of waste classification and analyzing the key carbon emission stages can provide data support for carbon reduction. Taking a typical community in Beijing as the research object, material flow analysis was performed on the collection, transportation and treatment processes of food waste and residual waste. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, a carbon emission accounting boundary diagram was developed, and a carbon emission accounting method was subsequently established. Through carbon emission calculation and analysis, it s found that the key carbon emission stage in the entire process of community municipal solid waste management is the incineration of fossil carbon in residual waste, with direct carbon emissions amounting to 612.70 kg/d. The main factors contributing to the high direct carbon emissions are the incineration of plastics and paper. The net carbon emission for the entire process of food waste management is 3.36 kg/d, with the carbon emission contributions from each stage, ranked from highest to lowest, as follows: Anaerobic digestion system (7.95 kg/d), leachate treatment (6.55 kg/d), waste collection and transportation (2.38 kg/d), pre-treatment (1.25 kg/d), and solid residue incineration (0.65 kg/d). The incineration of waste generates a large amount of CO2, and in the future, CO2 capture and utilization technologies may become a primary pathway for carbon reduction in waste incineration. Carbon emissions in the entire process of municipal solid waste management can be reduced by limiting plastic at the source or recycling plastics to decrease waste volume. Additionally, refining food waste classification can reduce the load on food waste treatment facilities and solid residue output, thereby reducing carbon emissions. Carbon reduction in the food waste management process can also be achieved through the high-value utilization of its by-products.关键词：community municipal solid waste;waste classification;carbon emissions;life cycle assessment261|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Oxygen-containing hydrocarbon tail gases in industrial production often cannot be recycled due to their high oxygen contents. Common deoxidation technologies include chemical adsorption deoxidation, coke combustion deoxidation, catalytic deoxidation and physical pressure swing adsorption deoxidation. Precious metal (Pt, Pd and Ag) and non-precious metal (Cu, Mn, Ni, Mo and Fe) catalysts have been widely studied in the field of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon tail gases deoxidation. Various deoxidation methods for oxygen-containing hydrocarbon tail gases were introduced, and the research progress on both precious and non-precious metal deoxidation catalysts was reviewed, and the challenges and trends in the development of deoxidation catalysts were anticipated. While precious metal deoxidation catalysts are mature for industrial applications, they face challenges such as high catalyst costs, strict feed gas composition requirements and environmental pollution. Due to their efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics, non-precious metal deoxidation catalysts have gradually become a research hotspot and are expected to be the future direction for the development of deoxidation catalysts.关键词：deoxidation;precious metal deoxidation catalysts;non-precious metal deoxidation catalysts;oxygen-containing hydrocarbon tail gases138|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：To improve the energy utilization efficiency of gas separation processes, a waste heat-driven gas separation system is proposed. This system consists of multiple molecular exchange flow separators arranged in series and connected using Knudsen pumps. Ideal efficiency and thermal energy utilization efficiency were introduced as evaluation indicators for the thermodynamic analysis of the system. The effects of waste heat temperature, target component (the component with the smaller molecular weight in the mixture) concentration （molar fraction） in the product gas and molecular weight ratio of the mixed gas components on the system’s performance were investigated. The results show that within the temperature range of 330 K to 360 K, higher thermal chamber temperatures result in higher ideal efficiencies but lower thermal energy utilization efficiencies. At 360 K, the ideal efficiency (0.428) reaches its maximum, which is 2.1% higher than that at 330 K (0.419), while the thermal energy utilization efficiency (0.307) is at its minimum, 26.2% lower than that at 330 K (0.416). Within the concentration range of 0.7 to 0.9, higher concentrations of the target component result in higher ideal efficiencies and thermal energy utilization efficiencies. At a concentration of 0.9, the ideal efficiency (0.428) is the highest, 33.8% higher than that at a concentration of 0.7 (0.320), while the thermal energy utilization efficiency (0.307) is also the highest, 40.2% higher than that at a concentration of 0.7 (0.219). As the molecular weight ratio of the mixed gas components decreases (He-Ar (10), He-Ne (5), and Ne-Ar (2)), both ideal efficiency and thermal energy utilization efficiency decrease. At a molecular weight ratio of 2, the ideal efficiency (0.098) is the lowest, 81.0% lower than that at a ratio of 10 (0.518), while the thermal energy utilization efficiency (0.061) is also the lowest, 82.0% lower than that at a ratio of 10 (0.340).关键词：gas separation;molecular exchange flow;efficiency;low-grade thermal energy;energy consumption;thermodynamic analysis81|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Among CO2 capture technologies, chemical absorption method is the most mature method, but the regeneration energy consumption of traditional absorbent used in the method is high. Water-lean/nonaqueous phase change absorbents use the organic solvent with high boiling point and low evaporation enthalpy instead of water, which can significantly reduce the regeneration energy consumption. The research progress of water-lean/nonaqueous organic amine phase change absorbents was reviewed. The CO2 absorption performances, regeneration energy consumptions and phase separation mechanisms of water-lean/nonaqueous organic amine phase change absorbents were analyzed, and the future development of the absorbents was prospected.关键词：CO2 capture;organic amine;phase change absorbents;regeneration energy consumptions120|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Offshore CO2 capture and chemical utilization (OCCCU) technology holds significant importance for achieving net-zero emissions in the energy and industrial sectors along coastal areas, as well as for ensuring the low-carbon transformation of ocean shipping and offshore oil and gas industries. Based on the integrated coupling analysis between OCCCU technology and the industrial chains of ship transportation, offshore oil and gas and offshore renewable energy, the basic concepts and technology routes of typical OCCCU technologies such as offshore infrastructure CO2 capture, ship CO2 capture, direct ocean capture (DOC), offshore CO2 hydrogenation to methane and offshore CO2 electrocatalytic to methanol have been clarified. On the foundation, the current status of research and development, demonstration and application of these OCCCU technologies has been systematically elaborated. Addressing the core issues of high costs, insufficient scale verification, low coupling degree between upstream and downstream and complex offshore construction conditions associated with these technologies, development trends and key innovation directions for the OCCCU technologies have been proposed. Through technology development tailored to real operating conditions and engineering demonstrations tailored to real application scenarios, the scale-up and commercialization of OCCCU technologies will be greatly promoted, and thus build an OCCCU industrial cluster based on coastal oil and gas field clusters and large-scale renewable energy bases in deep seas.关键词：offshore;CO2 capture and chemical utilization;CO2 hydrogenation;CO2 electrocatalysis63|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Ocean storage of CO2 can effectively reduce carbon emissions, but it has the risk of CO2 leakage, and the leakage is hidden. Studying the CO2 leakage and diffusion laws of ocean storage is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the seabed, protecting marine engineering facilities and ensuring the safety of personnel on offshore platforms and marine ecology. The research progress on the characteristics and monitoring technologies of CO2 leakage and diffusion in ocean storage was reviewed, and the development trend of model construction and interdisciplinary cooperation in the field was prospected.关键词：ocean storage;CO2 leakage;diffusion law;leakage monitoring61|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：The degradation of carbon capture absorbents not only reduces CO2 concentration but may also lead to equipment corrosion and increase costs of carbon capture. Investigating the degradation characteristics of absorbents under high-temperature conditions is crucial for selecting suitable carbon capture materials. Using monoethanolamine (MEA) with mass fraction of 30% as a baseline, thermal degradation experiments were conducted on five alkanolamines: MEA, diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), 3-aminopropanol (MPA) and 4-aminobutanol. Parameters such as degradation rate, CO2 saturation loading decline rate, and viscosity drop rate were analyzed to explore the variations in degradation patterns among different alkanolamines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to further elucidate the degradation mechanisms. The results show that after 16 days of thermal degradation, there are significant differences in the degradation characteristics of MEA, DEA, TEA, MPA and 4-aminobutanol. With the increase of carbon chain length, degradation parameters of MEA, MPA and 4-aminobutanol decrease, with 4-aminobutanol exhibiting the highest stability. Among primary (MEA), secondary (DEA) and tertiary amines (TEA), DEA demonstrates the lowest thermal stability, and the addition of —CH2CH2OH groups dose not enhance the thermal degradation resistance of these amines. The GC-MS detect results indicate that there are relatively few thermal degradation products of alcohol amines. MPA reacts with 4-aminobutanol to form piperazine (PZ), which may inhibit the degradation of these two amines. 4-aminobutanol exhibits a tendency for dehydration and cyclization to form tetrahydropyrrole. The main degradation products of DEA and TEA are similar, but DEA has more degradation products. These findings can provide experimental evidence for optimizing the selection of carbon capture materials关键词：alkanolamines;thermal degradation;degradation mechanism;structural change185|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Hydrogen blended to natural gas pipeline transmission can relieve the pressure of natural gas supply, consume renewable energy, and achieve low cost and high efficient transportation of hydrogen. Since the density of hydrogen is much smaller than that of natural gas, there is an urgent need to study the mixing effect of hydrogen blended to natural gas static mixer to lay the foundation for hydrogen blended to natural gas process and specification. The geometric model of the static mixer was constructed, and numerical simulations were conducted using the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the species transport model. Based on CFD simulations, the mixing situation of methane and hydrogen was analyzed, along with the flow field of the static mixer and the effects of methane inlet velocity, methane inlet pressure, and the number of mixing units on the mixing efficiency. The results indicate that the SX type static mixer equipped with a hydrogen injector significantly increases turbulence intensity at the hydrogen injector and the two mixing units. The two mixing units separate and converge the fluid through staggered blades, which have a significant effect on promoting uniform mixing. At a hydrogen blending ratio (volume fraction) of 20%, the methane inlet flow velocity increases and the mixing uniformity improves within the methane inlet pressure of 0.25~1.00 m/s and L/D of 3.0~10.8. Within the methane inlet pressure of 1~3 MPa and L/D of 3.0~10.8, increasing the methane inlet pressure results in better mixing efficiency. Otherwise, the increase of the number of mixing units has a relatively small effect on the improvement of mixing uniformity.关键词：hydrogen-blended natural gas;static mixer;CFD;mixing effect175|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：Hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming has broad application potential in the field of mobile hydrogen energy supply and distributed power generation. Electromagnetic induction heating technology can make the reactor achieve fast thermal response. Compared with external heating or internal electric heating, the start-up time is greatly reduced, which is expected to improve the efficiency and performance of the hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming reactor. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor with electromagnetic induction heating was established, and the effects of induction coil structure parameters, excitation conditions and reactant inlet conditions on the reactor outlet temperature and hydrogen production performance were investigated. The results show that the reactor can be heated up quickly by adjusting the coil excitation current and excitation frequency. The more numbers of coil turns, the smaller the pitch and the closer the width of the coil from the wall, the stronger the magnetic field intensity and the higher the reactor outlet temperature. Reducing the inlet flow rate of reactant, increasing the inlet temperature of reactant and the steam-to-methanol ratio are all beneficial to methanol conversion rate. Under the conditions of the molar ratio of water vapor to methanol of 1.1, the inlet temperature of 420 K, the inlet flow velocity of 0.05 m/s, the coil turn number of 7, the coil distance of 4.0 mm, with the excitation frequency of 25 kHz and the excitation current of 120 A, the reactor outlet temperature can rapidly reach 572 K, and the methanol conversion rate achieves 99.6%.关键词：electromagnetic induction heating;methanol steam reforming;coated catalyst;numerical simulation153|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：The use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy can help improve energy efficiency and industrial economy. At present, the most commonly used methods for LNG cold energy utilization in China are air separation and cold energy power generation. Among them, the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is mainly used for cold energy power generation, and the improvement of power generation efficiency can be achieved by selecting working fluid and optimizing cycle configuration, LNG gasification pressure and heat source temperature, etc. The research results of LNG cold energy utilization at home and abroad in the past ten years, including light hydrocarbon recovery, air separation, power generation, desalination, low-temperature carbon capture, liquid air energy storage, low-temperature grinding, cold storage refrigeration and so on were systematically summarized. The current technical routes and challenges of cold energy utilization faced by LNG cold energy utilization were analyzed and the future development trend was prospected.关键词：LNG cold energy;power generation;desalination;low-temperature carbon capture;liquid air energy storage507|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：As an important part of clean energy, the control of carbon emissions in the gathering and transportation process of natural gas has become a key issue for the low-carbon development of the oil and gas industry. To optimize relevant carbon emission accounting methods and reduction technologies, the research progress on carbon emission behavior and accounting in the natural gas gathering and transportation process was reviewed. First, based on typical processes and key equipment, the direct emissions, indirect emissions and embedded emissions in the natural gas gathering and transportation process were identified. Second, the technical principles, applicable scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream carbon emission accounting methods (emission factor-based method, life cycle assessment (LCA)-based carbon footprint analysis and integrated accounting-monitoring method) were analyzed. Finally, combined with the trends in domestic and international technology development, the potential applications of collaborative technologies based on satellite remote sensing and big data analysis in carbon emission management during the natural gas gathering and transportation process were discussed. The analysis shows that the emission factor-based method ensures standardization and consistency but relies heavily on data quality. The LCA-based method provides comprehensive coverage, identifying emissions and reduction opportunities across the entire life cycle, yet involves complex data collection and evaluation processes. The integrated accounting-monitoring method, which combines real-time monitoring technology, significantly improves the dynamics and accuracy of accounting, but requires high funding and technical support. Future research should focus on integrating the strengths of these methods, refining emission factors and combining life cycle perspectives with real-time monitoring techniques to establish a comprehensive, precise carbon accounting system and support low-carbon transition efforts in the oil and gas industry .关键词：natural gas;gathering and transportation;carbon emissions;accounting methods201|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：To address the issue of quickly unblocking natural gas hydrate (referred to as “hydrates”) obstructions in oil and gas pipelines and the decomposition of hydrates during the unblocking process, a visual experimental apparatus for hydrate formation, decomposition and inhibition evaluation was utilized. By controlling the inhibitor concentration, the decomposition characteristics of hydrates under the action of inhibitors were investigated, such as ethylene glycol (MEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium chloride (NaCl), antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and their composite systems (MEG, MEG + PVP, MEG + PVP + AFPs, MEG + PVP + NaCl). The synergistic effects among inhibitors were also examined. During the experiments, the grid partitioning method was employed to quantify the changes occurring during hydrate decomposition. The results indicate that the relationship between inhibitor concentration and decomposition promotion is not always positively correlated. For the MEG + PVP system, the decomposition-promoting effect first increases and then decreases with rising PVP concentrations. In the MEG + PVP + NaCl system, the decomposition-promoting effect shows a peak with varying NaCl concentrations. Compared with the MEG system, the presence of PVP in the MEG + PVP system reduces the rate of pressure change in the reactor, thereby inhibiting hydrate decomposition. However, the addition of NaCl to the MEG + PVP system (forming the MEG + PVP + NaCl system) significantly increases the pressure change rate in the reactor, promoting hydrate decomposition. When 100 mL solution labeled as 20.0% MEG + 0.5% PVP + 10.0% NaCl (approximately 20 mL ethanol, 80 mL pure water, 0.5 g PVP and 10.0 g NaCl) is injected, the hydrate formed from 100 mL pure water can be completely decomposed within 300 min, demonstrating significant synergistic effects among the inhibitors. The composite inhibitors used in this study can provide a reference for addressing hydrate pipeline blockages and advancing hydrate exploitation.关键词：hydrate;composite inhibitor;decomposition;synergistic effects;pressure change rate214|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26 -
摘要：With the acceleration of deep-sea oil and gas development in China, how to inhibit the formation of hydrates in the wellbore during drilling and enhance the stability of borehole walls has become a pressing issue. To screen anti-collapse agents suitable for hydrate exploitation drilling, a series of hydrate formation experiments were conducted using a simulation device for hydrate formation and decomposition processes in drilling fluids containing anti-collapse agents. The isothermal constant volume method was employed to investigate the inhibitory effects of anti-collapse agents on methane hydrate formation, characterized by the consumption amount and consumption rate of methane gas. The results show that all three tested anti-collapse agents exhibit certain inhibitory effects on hydrate formation. Compared with the other two agents, non-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM) induces an approximate 100 min induction period during hydrate formation but has limited influence on the overall formation duration. As the concentration (mass fraction, the same below) increases, the inhibitory effect of PAM does not show significant further enhancement. Vinyl monomer copolymer (PAC-141) significantly affects the growth process of hydrates. At low concentrations, PAC-141 markedly prolongs the hydrate formation process, while the delaying effect weakens as concentration increases. The total hydrate formation time at PAC-141 mass fractions of 0.1500%, 0.1750% and 0.2000% are 5840 min, 3605 min and 782 min, respectively. Potassium polyacrylate (KPA) dissociates in solution to form K+ and a special spatial polymeric network structure. With increasing concentration, KPA increasingly inhibits hydrate formation. This study provides a reference for addressing wellbore stability and secondary hydrate formation problems in hydrate exploitation wells.关键词：methane hydrate;drilling fluids;formation rate;inhibition mechanism;anti-collapse agents24|0|0更新时间：2025-09-26
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