最新刊期
卷 50 ， 期 8 ， 2025
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摘要：The synergistic conversion of coal and natural gas can help to achieve complementary carbon and hydrogen elements of the two energy resources and to achieve energy conservation and reduction of consumption, which has great value and significance for the development of an energy system based on coal with multi-energy integration. China is rich in low-rank coal resources, and with the development of coal classification and graded utilization industry via medium-low temperature pyrolysis, a large number of coal pyrolysis semi-coke (referred to as “coal char”) is in urgent need of high-value conversion and utilization. Especially, the conversion of coal char is usually the decisive step of coal conversion, which limits its application paths to some extent. Based on the main characteristics of thermal conversion of coal and natural gas, the process features and the related works about synergistic conversion of coal and natural gas were briefly described, focusing on the research of synergistic conversion of coal char (as an intermediate of coal conversion) and natural gas for co-production of carbon materials and hydrogen/syngas. A comprehensive review was conducted from three aspects: Integrating coal char conversion and methane cracking, integrating coal char conversion and methane dry reforming, and synergistic conversion of coal char and coal pyrolysis gas obtained at medium-low temperature. The future development direction was also prospected.关键词：coal;natural gas;coal char;carbon materials;syngas;synergistic conversion2|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：With the increase of energy demand and environmental requirements in China, the efficient and clean disposal of coal gasification fine slag has become a critical issue constraining the green and low-carbon development of coal chemical industry. Although entrained-flow gasification technology has the advantage of efficient conversion, the fine slag produced is difficult to directly resource utilize due to its high moisture content, ash content, and residual carbon content. The formation mechanisms, compositional structures, and combustion characteristics of coal gasification fine slag were systematically reviewed, with a focus on analyzing the constraints of carbon graphitization, ash encapsulation effects, and pore structure on combustion activity. Two main approaches have been proposed in existing research to address the issue of poor combustion performance of coal gasification fine slag. One is through preheating, oxidation or fluidized melt combustion and other modification means to strengthen the combustion activity of the coal gasification fine slag alone. Another one is to improve the overall combustion efficiency by blending and burning with highly reactive fuels such as coal and biomass, utilizing synergistic effects. In engineering applications, circulating fluidized bed incinerator, high-temperature preheating decarburization equipment and blending process has made significant progress, which can effectively reduce the residual carbon content and energy recovery, but still facing equipment wear and corrosion, difficulties in burning off residual carbo, the risk of secondary pollution and the limited blending ratio of bottlenecks. The current technical challenges were summarized, and the development directions of resource utilization and reduction of fine slag from coal gasification were prospected, which can provide theoretical support and technical reference for promoting clean utilization of coal.关键词：entrained-flow gasification;coal gasification fine slag;formation pathways of fine slag;physicochemical properties;combustion characteristics;engineering application research2|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：In the process of tar upgrading, achieving synergistic regulation of tar cracking and hydrogen-rich gas conversion is key to improving catalyst performance. To this end, Ni-based catalysts with a layered hydrotalcite-like structure (NiAl-LDH) were prepared using a hydrothermal method, and Co was introduced to optimize their performance. Relying on the interlayer confinement effect of the hydrotalcite-like structure, the spatial separation of active sites for tar catalytic conversion and hydrogen-rich gas activation was realized, enabling uniform distribution of Ni on the main layer plate. Due to the large molecular size of tar model compounds (such as pyrene and fluoranthene), they are unable to enter the interlayer structure, and thus their cracking mainly occurs on the catalyst surface. In contrast, small gas molecules can enter the interlayer and be effectively activated on the catalyst surface. The results show that the introduction of Co significantly promotes the dispersion and improve reduction performance of Ni, with the optimal catalytic performance achieved when n(Ni)/n(Co) = 5. Under reaction conditions of 500 ℃, the Ni2.5Co0.5Al-LDH catalyst achieves a pyrene hydrogenation catalytic conversion rate of 48.03%, with a light aromatic hydrocarbon (BTX) selectivity of 55.63%. In addition, due to the easier cleavage of C—C bonds in fluoranthene, its conversion rate and BTX selectivity are higher than those of pyrene. The Ni located on the main layer plate can activate H2 to generate ·H radicals, which help stabilize the tar cracking fragments, thereby enhancing BTX selectivity in the products. This study can provide new insights into for design of tar upgrading catalysts.关键词：tar catalytic upgrading;pyrene;fluoranthene;hydrotalcite;Ni-based catalyst;Co-doped51|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：As a zero-carbon renewable energy source, biomass energy is of strategic significance in combating climate change, guaranteeing energy security and promoting sustainable development. The targeted preparation of clean fuels and high-value chemicals by biomass thermochemical conversion technology has become a key pathway for realizing the efficient utilization of biomass. Although the current research in this field has made progress in process optimization, catalyst development and product regulation, the systematic review of the dynamic evolution of the field is still insufficient. In order to systematically sort out the current hotspots and development trends of this field in China, based on the CiteSpace software, the Chinese paper data about biomass thermochemical conversion in the past decade was visualized and analyzed. Through the construction of knowledge map, it is revealed that the research hotspots in this field in China are focused on optimizing pyrolysis/gasification technology, exploring catalytic cracking mechanism and biomass synergistic conversion. The core direction presents a phased evolution from the basic process to product quality improvement and system integration. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the multi-technology coupling mechanism, develop highly efficient and renewable composite catalysts, integrate artificial intelligence to optimize the reaction path and carbon footprint assessment system, deepen the supercritical pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis and other emerging process mechanisms, balance the environmental friendliness and economy, to promote the biomass thermochemical conversion towards intelligent and efficient leapfrog development.关键词：biomass;pyrolysis;gasification;CiteSpace;research hotspots;development trends88|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：In response to the problems of high oxygen content and poor quality of biomass pyrolysis oil, rapid pyrolysis of pine sawdust and the upgrading of the pyrolysis oil with calcined ilmenite as catalyst were studied in a free-fall reactor and it in tandem with a fixed-bed reactor respectively. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures, upgrading temperatures, catalyst mass to biomass feed rate ratios (τ, g/(g·min-1)) and different calcination temperatures of ilmenite on the pyrolysis oil yields and qualities were investigated. The results show that the total pyrolysis oil yield and light oil yield both reach their maximum values at the pyrolysis temperature of 550 ℃. With the ilmenite calcined at 600 ℃ as catalyst, under the upgrading temperature of 550 ℃ and τ of 20 g/(g·min-1), the pyrolysis oil quality is significantly improved. The relative hydrocarbon content in the light oil reaches to 38.7%, while that from the blank test (with quartz sand as bed material) is only 11.1%. Increasing the calcination temperatures of ilmenite allows for an increase of light oil yields and improvement of pyrolysis oil quality. However, the excessive calcination temperatures significantly reduce the light oil yields (13.1%). The ilmenite calcined at 600 ℃ exhibits the best catalytic upgrading performance, achieving maximum light oil yield and enrichment hydrocarbon compounds. Structure-performance relationships of structural changes and upgrading performances of calcined ilmenite were investigated by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, XPS and NH3-TPD. The results show that ilmenite calcined at 600 ℃ has the maximum specific surface area and the relative contents of surface Fe3+ and lattice oxygen. Fe3+ species are reduced in the reaction and release coordination oxygen, forming abundant oxygen vacancies. Lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies separately act as oxygen donors and active sites in the deoxidation reaction of pyrolysis oil, achieving efficient deoxidation through the oxidation-reduction cycle. Additionally, increasing the calcination temperature also promotes the formation of strong acid sites on the surface of calcined ilmenite, further enhancing the cracking and deoxidation of pyrolysis oil. However, the excessive strong acid sites will lead to over-cracking of pyrolysis oil, reducing the light oil yields.关键词：biomass;fast pyrolysis;pyrolysis oil;catalytic upgrading;ilmenite25|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Gannan navel orange peel is a typical agricultural and forestry waste, and its resource utilization and harmless disposal are of significant importance for environmental protection and sustainable development. By thermogravimetric analysis and fixed-bed pyrolysis experiment, the effects of heating rate, pyrolysis temperature and reaction time on the pyrolysis performance of Gannan navel orange peel were systematically explored. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Gannan navel orange peel pyrolysis were obtained by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Friedman (FM) models. Additionally, SEM was used to characterize the morphology of pyrolysis biochar, and the pyrolysis gas and liquid products were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, respectively. The thermogravimetric results indicate that Gannan navel orange peel pyrolysis primarily occurs from 150 ℃ to 400 ℃. The higher heating rate leads to thermal lag in the pyrolysis process, which reduces the reaction efficiency. The kinetic results show that as the Gannan navel orange peel conversion rate increases, the activation energy (Ea) increases. The thermodynamic results show that as the heating rate increases, the enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) decrease, and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) increases, making the reaction less favorable. The fixed-bed pyrolysis experiment results show that the optimal pyrolysis conditions were reaction temperature of 500 ℃, heating rate of 10 ℃/min and reaction time of 1.0 h. At this time, the yields of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis liquid and biochar are 26.81%, 47.27% and 25.91%, respectively. The pyrolysis gas mainly includes H2, CO, and CO2, and the pyrolysis liquid mainly includes aldehydes and phenolic compounds, and the biochar surface exhibits a large number of irregular pores. Overall, Gannan navel orange peel has high potential for energy conversion, providing a theoretical basis for its resource utilization.关键词：Gannan navel orange peel;pyrolysis;kinetics;thermodynamics;biomass132|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Under the promotion of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, the energy structure is accelerating its transition towards cleaner and low-carbon alternatives. Compared with coal and oil, natural gas has a lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio and is considered one of the cleanest fossil fuels. It plays a crucial role in building a new energy system and is widely applied in hydrogen production and the synthesis of high-value carbon-containing chemicals. Although industrially mature technologies such as steam methane reforming and two-stage natural gas-to-methanol synthesis are commonly used, they generally suffer from complex processes and high energy consumption, resulting in carbon emissions that fall short of low-carbon development requirements. Solar energy, characterized by its abundance, cleanliness, low-carbon nature and renewability, offers a novel pathway for the low-carbon development of natural gas-based chemical production. On one hand, solar energy can replace traditional fossil fuels as the energy source, thereby reducing carbon emissions during production. On the other hand, solar-driven reaction pathways can help optimize reactions and simplify traditional processes. Recent research progress on both indirect and direct solar-driven natural gas conversion to chemicals was reviewed, with a particular focus on the principles and current progress on solar-driven carbon-hydrogen co-production and solar-driven chemical production from natural gas. Prospects were also presented for the design of catalytic materials and reaction systems. Simultaneously, it is pointed out that solar energy can also be used in conjunction with other new energy forms in the future, which can provide aims to provide references for the green and low-carbon transformation of natural gas-based chemical production.关键词：solar energy;natural gas;hydrogen;high-value carbon-containing chemicals49|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Anthracene, as a high value-added basic chemical raw material in coal tar, has a wide range of application prospects. Using anthracene from coal tar as the raw material, two kinds of anthracene-based molecular solar thermal (MOST) fuels with different alkyl chain lengths (ANT-1, ANT-2) were successfully prepared by chemical reaction based on the photodimerization/depolymerization of anthracene, and its photo-induced energy storage and heat release performances were studied, in order to realize its high value and diversified utilization. The structures of anthracene-based long-chain MOST fuels were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and HRMS, and the photodimerization/depolymerization performance, energy storage density and controllable heat release performance of the anthracene-based long-chain MOST fuels were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The results show that compared with the energy storage density of anthracene and its derivatives (20 kJ/mol to 30 kJ/mol), the energy storage density of ANT-2 dimer can reach 89.6 kJ/mol, and the energy storage half-life can be extended to 60.96 d, and it exhibits good thermal and cyclic stability. Moreover, the heat released by ANT-2 dimer film triggered by UV light can increase its own temperature by 5.4 ℃, which has some potential for application in the field of intelligent temperature control.关键词：anthracene;molecular solar thermal fuels;photodimerization/depolymerization;molecular energy storage;controlled heat release83|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Driven by the goal of “carbon neutrality”, the efficient conversion and low-carbon utilization of methane have become a research focus in the field of energy chemistry. Traditional thermal catalytic techniques face bottlenecks due to their reliance on fossil fuels and high carbon emissions. Meanwhile, solar-driven photothermal catalytic technology offers a novel pathway for methane conversion through the synergistic mechanisms of photon excitation and thermal activation. The progress on three typical photothermal catalytic methane conversion technologies: Steam methane reforming, methane dry reforming and methane cracking was systematically reviewed. The breakthroughs in energy transfer optimization, catalyst design and system integration were mainly discussed. The photothermal coupling effect significantly reduced the methane activation barrier through the reconstruction of localized photothermal fields and electronic state regulation. The interface charge separation and oxygen vacancy engineering of nano-structured catalysts improved their anti-coking performances and reaction selectivities. Reactor designs combined with energy storage technologies optimized the dynamic utilization efficiency of solar energy. Although significant progress has been made on photothermal catalytic mechanism and energy-mass transfer, it is necessary to improve the stability of broadband light-absorbing materials and heat and mass transfer efficiency of large-scale reactors, and optimize multi-field coupling of light-heat-matter. In the future, it is necessary to focus on the development of multi-energy synergistic systems and intelligent control strategies to promote the advancement of photothermal catalytic methane conversion technologies towards low-carbon and high-value industrial application systems.关键词：solar-driven;photothermal catalysis;methane conversion;catalyst design;system integration51|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：The reaction of propane dehydrogenation to propylene has the advantages of abundant raw material sources, simple product compositions and easy separation. It is one of the most promising methods for propylene production. Traditional Pt-based catalysts have problems such as high cost and easy sintering. In recent years, molecular sieves have been considered as one of the ideal carriers for loading active species of metal oxides due to their ordered pore structures, high specific surface areas, good thermal stabilities and adjustable acidities. The structural regulation strategies of the active sites of metal (such as Cr, Ga and Zn) oxide catalysts were summarized, and the applications of common molecular sieves in propane dehydrogenation to propylene were introduced in detail starting from different topological structures. Finally, the future development directions of metal oxide/molecular sieve catalysts were prospected.关键词：propane dehydrogenation to propylene;metal oxide;molecular sieves;structure regulation;heterogeneous reaction149|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：The direct conversion of CH4 and CO2 to acetic acid is a 100% atom-economical reaction, but its reaction conditions are harsh. The hydrotalcite (LDH) has good application prospects in the field of CH4-CO2 catalytic conversion due to its advantages of large specific surface area, good dispersion for active components and adjustable acid-base properties. MgAl-LDH with n(Mg)/n(Al) of 5 was used as the support, and palladium (Pd) with mass fraction of 5% was loaded as the active component by ion-exchange method, and a series of Pd/LDH-X catalysts (X represents the calcination temperature) were prepared by calcinating the resultant precursors at different temperatures. The structures of catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, etc., and the catalytic performances of the catalysts were investigated in two-step stepwise conversion of CH4-CO2 to acetic acid. The results show that the catalytic performance of Pd/LDH-150 obtained under calcination temperature of 150 ℃ is the best under the CH4-CO2 two-step stepwise conversion reaction conditions set in this study for 30 min, with acetic acid spatiotemporal yield of 61.8 μmol/(g·h), which is significantly greater than acetic acid spatiotemporal yield (2.4 μmol/(g·h)) under the CH4-CO2 cofeeding conditions, and acetic acid is the only liquid product. The structural integrity of LDH is a key factor affecting the catalytic performance of the catalyst, and the presence of more medium-strong acidic sites and medium-strong basic sites on the surface of catalyst is favorable for the synthesis of acetic acid. Excessively high calcination temperature can lead to the collapse of the layered structure of LDH, resulting in the decrease of the number of medium-strong acidic sites and medium-strong basic sites on the surface, which can adversely affect the catalytic performance of the catalyst.关键词：CH4-CO2 two stepwise conversion;MgAl hydrotalcite;Pd catalysts;acetic acid;calcination temperatures73|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) of ethane is a green and efficient process that uses lattice oxygen of oxygen carrier to convert ethane into ethylene. However, this process often faces the problem that the reaction activity or ethylene selectivity is difficult to balance, resulting in low ethane conversion rate or ethylene selectivity. A design strategy of SiO2 coated Mn2O3 oxygen carriers was proposed, and Mn2O3@SiO2 oxygen carriers with different n(Mn)/n(Si) were synthesized. XRD, N2 physical absorption/desorption, H2-TPR and XPS were used to characterize the crystal structures, textural properties, reduction properties and surface species chemical states of the oxygen carriers. The results show that SiO2 forms a coating layer on the surface of Mn2O3, which can optimize the pore structure and increase the specific surface area of oxygen carriers, reduce the grain size of Mn2O3, improve the dispersion, and thus improve the reaction activity. At the same time, the introduction of SiO2 enhances the near-surface Mn—O binding energy, reduces the release rate of lattice oxygen, reduces the content of non-selective oxygen species on the surface and significantly improves the ethylene selectivity. Under the conditions of 700 ℃, 20%C2H6/80%Ar (50 mL/min), reaction time of 2 min, with the Mn2O3@SiO2 oxygen carrier (n(Mn)/n(Si) is 0.9), ethane conversion achieves 42.8% and ethylene selectivity achieves 73.4%.关键词：chemical looping;ethane dehydrogenation;nanoscale Mn2O3;mesoporous SiO249|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Using CO2 as a mild oxidant to assist propane dehydrogenation not only breaks the thermodynamic equilibrium of dehydrogenation but also expands the application scenarios of CO2 utilization. Fe-based catalysts are important dehydrogenation catalysts with high CO2 activation capability, but facing problems of low product selectivity and poor stability when applied to propane dehydrogenation. A series of xFeS-1 catalysts were synthesized by ligand-protected one-step hydrothermal method. By adjusting the Fe loadings and reaction conditions, the types and spatial distributions of FeOx species in the catalysts were controlled. XRD, UV-Vis, H2-TPR and other characterization techniques were used to analyze the structures, types and distributions of FeOx species and reduction properties of catalysts. The results reveal that under reaction conditions of 580 ℃, propane weight hourly space velocity of 6.48 h-1, V(C3H8):V(CO2):V(Ar) = 4.50:2.25:23.25 and total flow rate of 30 mL/min, the initial propane conversion frequency of 2FeS-1 is doubled compared to 2Fe/S-1 prepared by impregnation method, and the initial propylene selectivity of 3.5FeS-1 reaches 89% after introducing CO2, with no significant deactivation observed at CO2 atmosphere. Under CO2 atmosphere, the performance of xFeS-1 catalysts for propane oxidative dehydrogenation to propylene is significantly improved, because the highly dispersed framework Fe provides more active sites, and CO2 acts as the mild oxidant to suppress deep propane oxidation to improve product selectivity and mitigate carbon deposition. This provides valuable theoretical support for optimizing the design of catalysts for propane oxidative dehydrogenation and expanding their application under CO2 atmosphere.关键词：propane oxidative dehydrogenation;propylene;Fe-based catalysts;S-1 zeolite83|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：Low-temperature water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is a key bridge in hydrogen production industry. In response to the poor low-temperature activity of traditional catalysts and the high metal content of noble mental catalysts, a simple mixing method was used to mix Pt salt and Cu salt, and then add them to ammonium molybdate for ultrasonic and calcination to prepare Cu-modified Pt@AM catalysts in low-temperature WGSR. The results show that adding a small amount of Cu to Pt@AM not only facilitates the formation of α-MoC, but also enhances the interaction between metals, adjust the distribution of active sites, and thus improves the catalytic activity of catalysts. Among them, 0.05%Pt-0.5Cu%@AM catalyst shows a high CO conversion rate of up to 73.5% and a H2 yield of 38.6% after 1 h reaction under the reaction conditions of temperature of 200 ℃, feed gas V(CO):V(H2O):V(N2) = 2:5:18 and space velocity of 40000 mL/(g·h), indicating that Cu modification significantly improves the catalytic activity of noble metal Pt based catalysts. This study reveals the structure-activity relationship of Cu modification to improve catalytic activity of catalysts, and provides a theoretical basis for designing low-temperature WGSR catalyst with high activity.关键词：low-temperature water-gas shift reaction;Pt-based catalyst;Cu modification;α-MoC94|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
Preparation of porous biochar via alkaline thermal treatment and study on its adsorption performance
摘要：Hydrogen production via alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) of biomass can simultaneously produce porous biochar as a byproduct. Applying such biochar to dye wastewater treatment offers promising potential to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of biomass resources. High-surface-area porous biochar was synthesized through a one-step ATT process, and the effect of preparation temperature on its physicochemical properties was investigated. The adsorption performance of the resulting biochar toward the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) was also evaluated. The results indicate that 700 ℃ is the optimal preparation temperature. At this temperature, the biochar exhibits a well-developed porous structure (0.82 cm3/g), abundant C==C and C==O functional groups and a large specific surface area of 1757.9 m2/g, providing sufficient diffusion channels and binding sites for MB adsorption. Under conditions of dosage of 0.4 g/L, adsorption time of 6 min and temperature of 25 ℃, the biochar prepared at 700 ℃ achieve an adsorption capacity of 488.13 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 97.63% for 200 mg/L MB solution. The adsorption process is dominated by monolayer adsorption and involved both physical and chemical interactions.关键词：porous biochar;one-step alkaline thermal treatment;pore structure;methylene blue adsorption;adsorption kinetics35|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25 -
摘要：When methane is used as the carbon source alone to prepare multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the methane conversion rate and the MWCNTs yield are low, and there will be a high content of metal catalyst particles left in MWCNTs, and the conductivity is poor. MWCNTs were prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition method using Fe-Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO (obtained by citric acid-nitrate combustion method) as catalyst and methane and ethylene as mixed carbon sources. The obtained catalysts and MWCNTs were characterized by TEM, SEM and N2 adsorption/desorption, etc., and the conductivities of MWCNTs films were studied. The results show that when the Fe-Co-Mo mass fraction of Fe-Co-Mo/Alal2O3-MgO catalyst (n(Fe):n(Co):n(Mo) = 4:5:1) is 40%, the temperature is 740 ℃, the methane flow rate is 60 mL/min and the ethylene flow rate is 20 mL/min for the catalytic cracking reaction, the carbon yield is 2553% and the specific surface area and the average diameter of obtained MWCNTs are 206 m2/g and 12.54 nm, respectively, and it has good crystallinity. When the ambient temperature is 20 °C and the air humidity is 60%, the surface resistance of the MWCNTs (obtained by changing the ethylene flow rate to 10 mL/min only) film with mass fraction of 25% is 1.8 × 103 Ω/sq (the resistance of thin film in selected area is 1.8 × 103 Ω), which is significantly better than the commercial control group (2.5 × 103 Ω/sq).关键词：multi-walled carbon nanotubes;methane;ethylene;Fe-Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO;carbon yield;electrical conductivities66|0|0更新时间：2025-08-25
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