Study on release and recovery characteristics of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines

LIN Yongbin; LIN Jiahao; TENG Lin; LI Jiaqing; HUANG Xin; LI Zhenchao; YIN Pengbo; JIANG Lilong

doi:10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250030

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Study on release and recovery characteristics of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines

更新时间：2025-11-25

- Study on release and recovery characteristics of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines
- Vol. 50, Issue 11, Pages: 150-156(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  福州大学化工学院化肥催化剂国家工程研究中心，福建福州 350108
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250030
  CLC： TE832
- Received：19 January 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-02-14，
  
  Published：25 November 2025
- 稿件说明：
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林涌滨,林嘉豪,滕霖等.长距离液氨管道泄放回收规律研究[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(11):150-156.

LIN Yongbin,LIN Jiahao,TENG Lin,et al.Study on release and recovery characteristics of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(11):150-156.
林涌滨,林嘉豪,滕霖等.长距离液氨管道泄放回收规律研究[J].低碳化学与化工,2025,50(11):150-156. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250030.

LIN Yongbin,LIN Jiahao,TENG Lin,et al.Study on release and recovery characteristics of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines[J].Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2025,50(11):150-156. DOI： 10.12434/j.issn.2097-2547.20250030.

摘要

长距离管道系统是实现大规模绿色氨能运输中最高效、经济和安全的方式之一。当液氨管道发生泄漏或需维修时，为避免高毒害性液氨直接排空对周围人员及环境造成危害，通常采用泄放回收工艺进行处理。基于氨的基础物性及相特性，构建了液氨管道泄放回收仿真模型，探讨了不同工况下液氨管道的温度与压力变化规律及其低温失效风险。结果表明，液氨管道泄放回收过程中，管内压力、温度、持液率及管存量均表现出先快速下降后逐渐稳定的发展趋势，且管内局部温度可能长时间低于液氨管道常用管材的耐受最低温度（-20 ℃），导致管道低温脆性断裂风险加剧；距离泄放口越近，管内温度与压力的降幅越大，可降至约-30 ℃的低温状态，且波动更为显著。土壤温度对泄放回收过程影响较小，但土壤温度越高，泄放回收完成时间越短；储罐背压越高，泄放过程管内温度与压力的下降幅度及波动幅度越小，泄放回收完成时间越长；阀门开度越大，管内温度与压力的降幅越大，泄放回收完成时间越短；提高储罐背压和减小阀门开度均能使管内温度维持在-15~-10 ℃的安全范围内。本研究可为长距离液氨管道紧急泄放回收过程的安全管理提供参考。

Abstract

Long-distance pipeline systems are the most efficient

economical and safe methods for large-scale green ammonia transportation. When a liquid ammonia pipeline leaks or requires maintenance

in order to prevent severe hazards caused by the direct release of highly toxic liquid ammonia to surrounding personnel and the environment

a release and recovery process is typically adopted. Based on the fundamental thermophysical properties and phase characteristics of ammonia

a simulation model of the release and recovery process for liquid ammonia pipelines was developed to investigate the variations in temperature and pressure under different operating conditions

as well as the associated low-temperature failure risks. The results show that during the release and recovery process of liquid ammonia pipelines

the internal pressure

temperature

liquid holdup and ammonia inventory all exhibit a trend of rapid initial decline followed by gradual stabilization. Moreover

the local temperature inside the pipeline may remain below the minimum allowable service temperature (-20  ℃) of commonly used pipeline materials for an extended period

significantly increasing the risk of brittle fracture due to low temperatures. The closer to the release point

the greater the drops in pressure and temperature

with temperatures potentially falling to around -30 ℃

and the fluctuations being more pronounced. Soil temperature has a limited effect on the pressure and temperature changes during the release and recovery process

but higher soil temperature significantly shortenes the recovery duration. A higher back pressure in the storage tank results in smaller pressure and temperature drops and reduced fluctuations

but prolongs the recovery time. Conversely

a larger valve opening leads to greater pressure and temperature drops and a shorter recovery time. Increasing the storage tank back pressure and reducing the valve opening can maintain the pipeline temperature within the safe range of -15  ℃ to -10  ℃. This study provides a reference for safety management in the emergency release and recovery processes of long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines.

关键词

Keywords

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